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16157
STUDIES OF ECONOMIES IN TRANSFORMATION Dec. 1996
Statistical Handbook 1996
States of the Former USSR
21
THE WORLD BANK
RECENT STUDIES OF ECONOMIES IN TRANSFORMATION
No. 1 Country Department 111, Europe and Central Asia Region, Food and Agricultural Policy Reforms in
the Former USSR: An Agenda for the Transition
No. 2 Michalopoulos and Tarr, Tm& and Payments Arrangements for States of the F@ USSR
No. 3 Country Department 111, Europe and Central Asia Region, Statistical Handbook: States of the
Former USSR
No. 4 Barr, Income Transfers and the Social Safety Net in Russia
No. 5 Country Department 111, Europe and Central Asia Region, Foreign Direct Investment in the States
of the F@ USSR
No. 6 Wallich, Fiscal Decentralization: Intergovernmental Relations in Russia
No. 7 Michatopoulos, Trade Issues in the New Independent States
No. 8 The World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1993: States of the F@ USSR
No. 9 Holt, Transport Strategies for the Russian Federation
No. 10 Fong, The Role of Women in Rebuilding the Russian Economy
No. 1 1 de Melo and Ofer, Private Service Firms in a Transitional Economy: Findings of a Survey in
St. Petersburg
No. 12 Chu and Grais, Macroeconomic Consequences of Energy Supply Shocks in Ukraine
No. 13 Michalopoulos and Tarr, Trade in the New Independent States
No. 14 The World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1994: States of the Former USSR
No. 15 Lieberman and Nellis, Russia: Creating Private Enterprises and Efficient Markets
No. 16 Lieberman, Ewing, Mejstrick, Mukherjee, and Rahuja, Mass Privatization in Central and Eastern
Europe and the Former Soviet Union: A Comparative Analysis
No. 17 Le Houerou, Investment Policy in Russia
No. 18 Belkindas and Ivanova, Foreign Trade Statistics in the USSR and Successor States
No. 19 The World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Fortner USSR and Successor States
No. 20 Kaminski, Wang, and Winters, Foreign Trade in the Transition: The International Environment and
Domestic Policy
STUDIES OF ECONOMIES IN TRANSFORMATION
MCCJIE,aOBAHMA,9KOHOMIIqECKHX ClfCTEM HA CTAaMI-f TPAHCOOPMALII-fff
Statistical Handbook 1996
States of the Former USSR
CTaTHCT14qeC K 14 1'4 C60PHHK, 1996 rog
]Focy,gapCTBa 6blBmero COBETCKOFO COI03a
21
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.
Bceml4pH]blr4 BAHK
BawHHrTOH, OKpyr Konym6i4.q
Copyright 0 1996
The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing December 1996
Papers in the Studies of Economies in Transformation series present the results of policy analysis and research on
the states of the former USSR. The papers have been prepared by World Bank staff and consultants and issued by
the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Department III under the supervision of Constantine Michalopoulos. In
light of the worldwide interest in the problems and prospects of these countries, dissemination of these findings is
encouraged for discussion and comment.
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and
should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its
Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of
the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use.
The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on
the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or accep,
tance of such boundaries.
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be
sent to the Cffice of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encour-
ages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for non-
commercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A.
For a copy of Update describing new publications, contact the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, The
World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W, Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66,
avenue d'16na, 75116 Paris, France.
ISSN: 1014@997X
contents
Country Tables vi
Foreword viii
Abstract x
Acknowledgments xii
Abbreviations xiv
Introduction I
Comparative Tables 9
Country Tables
Armenia 15
Azerbaijan 55
Belarus 85
Estonia 123
Georgia 159
Kazakstan 195
Kyrgyz Repubhc 229
Latvia 267
Lithuania 305
Moldova 343
Russian Federation 379
Tajikistan 411
Turkmenistan 439
Ukraine 471
Uzbekistan 501
Technical Notes 539
Co,aep-waHHe
CTaTHcTHqeCKHe Ta6nHixbi vi
rlpe,aHcjioBHe viii
Pe3iome x
O,r cocTaBimjiefi xii
CoKpaiueHHA xiv
BBe,ReHHe 1
CpaBH@jiLEue Ta6n@i 9
CTUTH eCKHe Ta6n@
Apmemm 15
A3ep6@aH 55
Beiiapycib 85
:)CTOHHA 123
r'py3HA 159
Ka3axcTaH 195
Ki6iprLI3cKaA Pec a 229
JlaTBHA 267
llwma 305
Moji,aoBa 343
POCCHiiCKaA (DeaepaiiHA 379
T@HKHcTaH 411
Typ@eHH 439
YKpaHHa 471
Y36eKHcTaH 501
KommeHTapHH K noKa3aTenxm 539
Counhy Tables*
Population, Labor Force, and Employment
1-1 Population and employment
1-2 Employment by sector
1-3 Regis@ unemployment
National Accounts
2-1 Gross domestic product at cunrnt prices
2-IA Distdbutionofgrossdomesticproductatcurrentprices
2-2 Gross domestic product at constant prices
2-2A Growth rates of gross domestic product at constant prices
2-2B Implicit price deflators for gross domestic product
Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade
3-1 Balance of payments at current prices in US doum
3-2A Imports by commodity group in US dollars
3-2B @rts by commodity group in national currency
3-3A Exports by commodity group in US doflm
3-3B Exports by commodity group in national cuffency
34A Geographical distribution of foreign trade in US doom
34B Geograplucal distribution of foreign @ m national
currency
Govemment Finance
4-1 General govenunent budget revenue
4-2 General government budget expenditure by economic 4w
Agriculture
5-1 Agricul@ production at current prices
5-2 Agricultural production at constant prices
5-3 Production and average yield of major agricultural crops
54 Main aggregates of @al husbandry
Industry and Energy
6-1 Industdal production by sector at current prices
6-2 Industdal production by sector at constant prices
6-3 Prunary energy supply
64 Final energy consumption
Pxice Indices and Wages
7-1 Price indices and exchange rates
7-2 Monthly nominal wages by sector
Household Incomes and Expenditure
8-1 Money income and expenditure of the population
. @ is a stan@ list of tables for @ch data am prewnw for most of &e
countries. In this yew's edition, @ are ex@ons wbm cerwn @ of data are
pmwnted according to a diffatnt cl on or where ft tabk has bm oinitted
becauw of lack of data or obsole4e data. Refer to @ country pages each
set of country tables for an exact list of tables Mmted for each country.
vi
CmamucmuqecKue
ma6,qutiL,i cmpahbl*
HaceneHHe, TpyaoBLw pecypcii H
1-1 HaceneHHe H
1-2 14HcjieHHwm 3aHAToro HaceiieHHa no ceKTopam
1-3 14HcneHHocTb 3WrHc7rp 6e3
H@oH@mae cqm
2-1 BanOBOff B@HHHft npOMrKT B TeK@ uehax
2-lA PacnpeaeneHHe BBn B -mK@ uehax
2-2 BajioBok B @ ripoDWKT B nocm uehax
2--2A BanoBofi B@@ rq)oMKT - Temma rip
2--2B )I@pbi mmoBorO B@HHero ripoxWKTu
nnate 6anaHC H BHe ToproBnA
3-1 @aTe 6ailaHC B 'MK@ UeHaX
3-2A Hmnoprr no ToBap rpynnam Baonnapax CMA
3-2B Hmnoprr no -robap rpyrMHM B HUMOHAMHOM
3-3A :)Kcnoprr no ToBapHLim rpymam BaOnnapaX @
3-3B Hmrioprr no ToBap rpyrmam B Ha=oHanLHOff BaM=
34A reorpa@HqeCKoe pacnpeaejieHHe BHenmefiroproBnH iB
,aonnapax CIUA
3-4B reorpa@HqecKoe pacnpeaeneHHe BHeniHefi TOPrOBnH B
H@OH8nbHOfl B
rocy,aakm@e @nHaHcbi
4-1 aoxoam roc6ioAxe-ra
4-2 Pacxoam roc6ioaxcm no 3KoHomHqecKHm
CenLCKOX03@c-meHHaA cTaTH a
5-1 Cen]6CKOX03Afl HHAA npo
5-2 CCJI16CKOX03AAcTBe npoay B nocto ilehax
5-3 rlpoH3Boa H ypox@oam m"e@ CtX KynLTYP
54 OcHoBHLie nOKa3aTeim x oboac-ma
CT,aTHcTmKa ripombumeHHocm B 3Heprm
6-1 npOM16MmeHHoe rIpOH3BOQCM no otpa
6-2 rIpomm=eHHoe ripoH3Boaciw a nocto uehax
6-3 Pecypcm riepb BiwoB 3HeprHH
64 KoHe4Hoe rioTpe6neHme 3HeprHH
Ilemm R 3apa6oTHaA nnata
7-1 HkweKcbi ueH H Bwm@ Kypc
7-2 CpextemecAqH8A 3apa6oTHaA nnam no otpacmm
)Ioxoam H pacxo@iaomawHHx xo3Aficn
8-1 )IeHexHbieaoxoahi H pacxoam Haceiiemm
H-=wH nepe-H]6 npe co&*
60@HCIW @. aM OFr @ HCKOIWWC H3
on BC@KC o-m A mnm HWUPM TWMKO
cBeAeHHik.
vii
Foreword
The statistics in this volume present information on the
economic and smW developments in the countries of the former
Soviet Union during the period of transition fi-om planned to market
economies. As economies adjust to new conditions, so do their
@stical systems. The path to reform is neither easy nor sm@
either for the economies or for the statistical systems. While this
compilation of data reflects the considerable progress made by the
statisucal systems m compiling and presenung data for a market
oriented economy, the areas where @er efforts are needed are
evident as well.
This is the Bank's fifth annual statistical handbook on the
economies of the former Soviet Union. It presents data developed by
national statistical offices, along with other government agencies
involved in compiling statistics. The current edition is the first in
which the statistical offices of all fifteen FSU states completed and
submitted the set of tables. This has greatly enhanced the
completeness of the data in the handbook.
As part of an ongoing effort to make the BaniCs publications
more accessible to poucymakers and analysts in all member
countries, the handbook is published as a bilingual English-Russian
edition.
and Chief Economist Vice @dent
Development Economics Europe and Central Asia
Region
viii
Hpeduc.aoBue
CTaTHcTHqeCKme,aaHHLie, ripeacTaBneHHbie B HacToA-
IlleM M3,aaHHH, aaIOT RH@pm o6 3KOHOMH'qOCKOM H
couKajibHom pa3BWMH cTpaH 6Lmiuero CowrCKoro Cojo3a Bo
BpeMA nepexoAHoro riepmoaa oT nilaHOBOfl K PLIHOqHOff
:)KOHOMHKe. rlo mepe @pa3oBaHBA 3KoHomHK crpah
npeTepneBa)DT B.3meHeHHA H Hx cTaTncTHqecKme cmcTemLi. H B
:)KOHOMHKe, H B cTaTHcTHKe :)TH @pmli coripAxeHm c
-xpy,aHocTAmB. Co6paHHme B 3TOM c6opftHKeaaHHLie Har@-
Ho oTpaxalOT KaK 3Ha i-iLHLifi riporpecc, aocTBrHyTbiff B
c6ope H npeacraBjieHHH CTaTHCTHMeCKOff HH40PM B PWHO-
QHLIX YCJIOBHAX, TaK m Te o6iiacTm, rae npeacToHT eiue mhoro
c,aejia,m.
HacTomuaA ny6jiHKaixHA ABijAeTCA nATLim e)Keroa-
HBIM H3,aaKHem CTaTHCTHqeCKOrO c6opHHKa no 3KOHOMHKe
cTpaH 6i6Eaiiiero COBeTcKoro C0103a. B Hefi npeAcTaBjieHLIaaH-
Hble HUMOHanbHbIX CTaTHCTHqeCKHX BeaOMCTB HapyrHX npa-
BmTe.ribcTBeHHLie Op 3@ft, 3aHRmamuwcA c6opom cTa-
THCTHqeCKOff HH4opmauHH. CiieayeT oTm , rrO BnepBLie
,aaHHi6ie ARA ripexiaraemoro c6opHHKa 6mnu npeaocTniieHbi
IleHTPaJILHI.IMH CTATH ECKKMH BeaOMCTRaMH BCEX 6e3
HcKiiiotieHHA nATHa=aTH rocyaapcTB 6biBmero CoBeTcKoro
COI03a. :)TO 3Haqwreiii6Ho noBucHjio nOJ'lHoTy ripeacTaBJIA-
eMOii HH4*pmauHH..
'qTo6bi caejiaTL ripeacTaBneHHYIO HHi)opm 6onee ao-
@nhoik XIA coTpyaHHKoB rocyAapcTBeHHoro annapata H
yqeHIAX-aHWIHTHKOB BCEX cqaHax-qneHOB, C60PHHK H3AaeTcA
rlapanJleJIbHLIM TEKCTOM Ha PYCCKOM R allrjiHfICKOM A3blKax.
H riiab@ 3KoHommcT BHue-npe3HaeHT
pa3BMBam@CA cTpaH PernOH EBponLi H
LleHTpagbHoft A3HH
ix
Abstract
Ths stafashcal hmdbwk, ffic fft m ffie =es, rem=ts
a major compilation of data on the economies of the @n
independent states of the former Soviet Umon. BegLnnmg @ the
1993 echtion and continuing this year, the data has been supphed
primarily by the national statistical agencies of the countries of the
former Soviet Union based on a standard set of tables provided by
the Bank. These tables include population and labor force statistics,
national accounts and foreign @ data, government fnmce
statistics, data on agricul@ and industrial production, information
on prices and wages, as well as household income and expenditt=
statistics. The country tables present data mosdy in monetary or
physical units. For the purposes of cross-country comparison, a set
of comparative tables has been mcluded where the data are
presented p y as indices or percentages.
The data presented m the Handbook are used extensively by
Bank staff for economic and sectoral analyses of these countries.
In an effort to make the Bank's data and analysis more wmsibie
to policymakers and analysts in the new independent states of the
former Soviet Union, the Handbook ir, published as a bilingual
English-Russian edition.
Pe,3wme
HacToAmee, nAToe no cqmy, H3=me cmqecko-
ro c6op@a npeg eT co6og o6nuipHoe co6paHme AaH-
HBIX no 3KOHOMHKO nATH8=TH He3aBHCHMLDL rMyAapCTB,
pahee BXOMMHM B cwm CowrcKoro CojD3a. HaqmaA c
1993 roaa BcemmpHbEk BAHK no@aet @pmamm, npea-
cTaBiiemqio arm= Ha6opom Ta6mM HenocpeacTBeH-
HO oT ue@anh cTaTH ECKMX BeAomam COO"ffCTBY-
io@x crpah. 3TH -ra6 i coAepiKaT e no Hacenemm
H TpyaOB]61M PeCypCaM, HaLUlOHanh ClqeTaM H BHeMHelk
ToproBne, rocyAaKm @MMCAM, CMTH y CeJ'LbCKO-
ro xo3AficTBa H npommmeHHocTH, HH4opmawm 0 IleHftx H
3apa6oTHoA ruiate, a TaKxe noKa3aTenH aeHexHuxQOXOaOB
H PACXOQOB HaceneHHA. B MP&HOBI.]X Ta6nHixax a c lipea-
cTaBneRbi npeHmyniecTBeHHo B AeHeXHOM HJIH HaTyp@HOM
BE,IpaxeHHH. B c6opHHK iiKraDqeH TaKxe Ha6op cpaBHNreni6-
HBIX Ta6.riHii @ mexcTpaHoBbm con eHHfi. g ie, iB
HHX @,QCTaBneHi6i MxHmym HHo B 4)opme mmeKcoB HnH
ripoueirrhbix cooTHomeHHfi.
Co6paHHE.ie ammic nexat B ocHoBe iipobommoro
]3cemHpHi6im I;umom aH a KAK:)KOHOMHKH B IleJIOM, TaK H
oTaenbHi6Dc ce ceKTopoB no Ka=oft u3 @maTpmBaemi6ix
@aH. npmjiexjr uejil canceled ny6mmye@ mH@m
6onee gocTyriHofi wiA nonh3oBaTeiiefi B He3aBmcHmbu rocy-
,aapCTBax 6bminero CoBeTcKoro C0103a, HacTo@ cr)opHHK
H3,aaeTCA rIap&TlnenLHO Ha PYCCKOM H aff@CKOM A3LJKRX.
xi
Acknowledgments
'Me publication of @ hmdbwk is the result of the jomt
efforts of many professionals from different countries and their
contribution is hereby gratefully acknowledged.
First and foremost, special thanks are extended to the
statisticians in the f@n states of the former Soviet Union for their
hard work on the preparation and fimly submission of the tables for
their respective countries. In spite of the difficult circumstances
under which they cohect and process data, the progress they have
made in refomiing their statistical systems is clearly demonstrated
by the greater availability and higher quality of the data in this
volume. -
The handbook was compfled under the general supervision of
Misha V. Bellcindas by staff of the Development Data Group at the
Intemational Econonucs Department m close cooperation with the
staff of the Country De@ents IH and IV, Europe and Cen@
Asia Region. The prmcipal compilers of the handbook were Andrei
Roudoi and Vessehna Helamova. Gregory Kisunko prepared the
comparative tables. Olga Ivanova provided essential methodological
guidance and reviewed the handbook. Timothy E. Heleniak
provided general gludance. Asieh Kehyan updated the FSU
database and assisted with data processing. Afsaneh Farzin, Victor
Gabor, Zhicheng Li, Mark Davis, Barbara Ossovicka, and Gero
Verheyen helped in v@g data for the publication. Staff at the
relevant World Bank resident missions helped to ensure timely data
submission and provided supplementary country data. Bessie Smith
provided desktop pubhslung assistance. Shaida Badiee and
Constantine Michalopoulos provided guidance and comments.
xii
Om cocmimumeaeu'
HacTo@ mmTHcTmec@ c6opmm ABHNCA pe3y-
nLTaTom pa6oTm mhormx cnegHwmcToB H3 pa3@ cTpaH,
BKna,a KoTopi6ixaojixeH 6@ oTmetieH noaocToHHcTBy.
lipexge Bcero oco6yio 6naroAapHocTL mLi npHHocmm
COTPY aM Ile@@HbIX CTATH ECKHX BEAOMCTB
a=TH rOCYAaPCTB 6i6iBmero CowrcKoro C0103a 3a Hx
yc no @BpemeHHofi nOVOTOBKe cTaTHcTHqCCKHX Ta6-
.nHu. OqeB AwiAeTcA nporpeCC B W*pmHpoBaHmH cTa-
THcTHqecKHx cHcTem, KOTOPORO KM, HCCMOTPA Ha CJIOXH16Ie
ycjioBHA, yaanoci6,a L. :)To Hamno BupaxeHHe B HRCTOA-
iueik riy6nmamm B yBe@eHHH npeacraBHTei-ii6HocTH cTaTH-
ecKHx,a H mx 6onee B161COKOM KaqecTBe.
Cr)opHHK 6un cocTaBneH co7py aMH rpynrEbiaaH-
HbU Pa3B ReimpTameHTa MHWBoik 3xoHomHKH BcemHp-
Horo 6aHKa noa o6=m pyKoBoaamm Mmm B. EeRKHHaaca
coBmecTHo c cotpy amH )IermpTameirrOB I][[ H IV, PerHOHa
EBporlbl H IleHTM%Hok A3mH. OCHOIB@H cocraBHTemmH
c6opHHKa 6LuiH @ XeKHMOIB8 H @ff PYAOff.
CpaBHmTejibHLie Ta6mw noiwoToBHn rperOPH KHCYHLKO.
Ojmra lbaHoBa ocynxwm@a meroaonorwqeckoe PYKOBOA-
m peuem3mWmme c6opHmKa. TwAoTm E. XeneHRaK Koop-
Bari pa6oTy. AcLe Ke@H pa6o@a mw o6HoBneHmem
6a3Li ix no cTpaHam 6i6miuero CowrcKoro C0103a H
ocynx cmcTemHoe o6ecneqeHHe H3 . A4caHe
Oap3@ BmKTop ra6op, 3Hqeiir JIH, MAPK gaBHc, Bap6apa
OccoBmwa H repo &pxefieh nomorWM B npoBepKeaaHHibix.
noar(yroBKy riy6miK K neqaTH ocyxuecTBHna BecCH CMHT.
CoaraBHTenH 6naronap3rr Illetq Eam H KoHcTaHTHHB
MHKanoriy.noca 3a noaaepxky, coBe-rL[ H 3ameqaHHA.
xiii
Abbreviations
BoP balance of payments
CB Central Bank
c.i.f. cost of insurance and freight
cis Commonwealth of Independent States
DRS Debt Reporting System (World Bank)
Lo.b. free on board
FSU former Soviet Union
GDP gross domestic product
GFS government finance statistics
GNFS goods and nonfactor services
GNP gross national product
ha hectare
IMF International Monetary Fund
MPS material product system
MLTV manufacture unit value
NMP net material product (a socialist concept)
NCV net caloric value
SDRs special drawing rights
SNA system of national accounts
TOE tons of oil equivalents
data not available
0.0 or 0 negligible
xiv
CoKpaule"uR
nE nnate 6anaHc
IIE IleHTpaiii6HLifi 6aHK
cm@ cToRmocTb cTpaxOBaHHA H #axta
CHr CoapyxecTBo He3aBHcHmEix rocyaapcTB
C,aO CHcTemaaojwoBof4 oTtieTHOCTH MIPP
4)o6 tpaHKo-6opT
BBrl BanoBi6ifi i3HyTpeHHmfi ripoaYKT
rOC rocyaapcTBeHHaA @HHaHCOBaA cTaTHCTHKa
TOBapbl H HenpOH3BoacTBe e ycnyrm
BHn BaJIOBbIfi HUMOHanibHbift npo@KT
ra r.eKTap
MB(D MexMHaPOMMIfi BaimTHbig 4ooHa
EHX 6ariaHC Hapomioro X03AfICTBa
CEH eToHmocTb e orO H3,aejii4A
'qmll MHCT]6ffi MaTCPHaribHbifi r4)oQYKT
IIKUrl qmcTaA KanopHftHaA ileHHocTi6 ripoayKTa
Cn3 cneuKanLHi6ie npaba 3aHm@OBMM
CHC CHcTema HaiiHoHani6HLix cqeTOB
CHr CoapyxeCTBO He3aBHcHmi6ix rocyaapcTB
TH3 ToHHa He(kr3moro 3KBHBaneFrra
aammie oTcyr@ymT
0.0 MM 0 H060nbUIaA BeimHHa
xv
Introduction
The World Bank collects data from each of its member
countries to support die economic and sectoral analyses it needs for
its lending operations. 'Me Bank has developed a basic set of tables,
covering most aspects of an economy, as an organizing framework.
The makeup of the tables was based on data imown to be collected
by the statistical agencies of the states of the former Soviet Union
and data that the Bank needed for its policy dialogue with these
countries. Since 1993, the basic data presented in these tables have
been prepared by the national statistical offices of the f@n newly
independent states using the same standard set of tables.
T'his year, the World Bank sent the Statistical Agencies in
each country the data reported for that country in last year's edition
and asked that they make any necessary corrections to the data for
previous years as well as update the tables with data for 1995. Once
received at the Bank, the data were verified for mtemal consistency
and methodological accuracy. Although an effort was made to
ensure consistency among the tables, in some instances complete
consistency could not be achieved because of the different data
sources used in compihng the tables. Deviations ftx)m the intended
scope or coverage are documented in the country notes that follow
each set of country tables.
The data presented m tins volume are mostly those
provided by the national statistical agencies of the relevant
countries and might differ from data published by mtemational
organizations which sometimes make certain adjusbnents based on
alternative information sources.
71be country tables are preceded by a set of comparative
tables designed to facffitate cross-country comparisons. Both the
comparative tables and the country tables use the same underlying
data. Technical notes following the country tables explain the
methodology used in preparing the tables.
The @formation of statistical systems, like that of
economic systems, takes fim. Statistical measures that are less
than op@ will thus have to suffice for policy and analytical
purposes until fully developed measures can be put in place. For
example, many of the new countries are experiencing difficulties in
developing systems to measure activity in the newly emerging
private sector. The private sector now comprises many Accounts (SNA). The estimates of net material
more economic agents than existed in the formerly product @) calculated in the former Soviet Umon
planned economies, where production was according to the Material Product System @) are
concentrated in a few large enterprises. To measure not presented m the handbook anymore. AU FSU
private activity, the statistical agencies need to countries are gradually adopting the System of
introduce sample surveys to collect appropriate National Accounts, and most of the countries have
statistics. But doing so would require a register of abandoned the Material Product System altogether.
business activity, which is lacking in most of the
countries this handbook covers. Section three presents balance of payments
and foreign @ statistics. Statistics on foreign trade
The sectoral and macroeconomic statistics in are those most affected by the breakup of the Soviet
its "raw" forinat essentially undercount the growing Union and the @formation of the statistical system.
private sector. In addition, the "old" system for Measurement of foreign @ is subject to great
collecting data from state enterprises does not produce uncertainty for several reasons: the need to measure
reliable statistics. The number of nonresponses is movements of goods among the states of the former
increasing, and there are incentives for enterprises to Soviet Union as foreign trade; the existence of only
underreport earnings. 'Me hidden economy, also rudimentary customs services in some of the states; the
present in the USSR, is growing and is not always entry into foreign trade of many new economic agents;
captured by data collection or adjustment mechanisms the incentives for f@ to avoid reporting foreign
in the newly independent states. Moreover, the family trade; and the introduction of new currencies and the
budget surveys do not capture the new sources of rapid changes in exchange rates. Nevertheless, the
income that have appeared. The gaps caused by these data on exports and imports are presented, for the first
deficiencies in data collection must be filled through time this year, with a breakdown according to LTN
estimations to provide a more reliable basis for harmonized @ system as well as by origm and
pobcymaking. destination. It should be noted that the national
trade/BoP data might differ from those published by
Despite the deficiencies in data collection, the international organizations which often use additional
data in the tables are mostly published as submitted by data sources like partner countries' statistics to adjust
the central statistical offices of the f@ countries; no national figures.
attempt was made to adjust or to reestimate the
indicators. Therefore, the data should be treated with Section four reports data on general
more than the usual degree of caution. government budget revenues and expenditures. The
general government budget consists of the
The handbook is divided into eight sections. consolidated budgets of the state (or national), local,
Section one contains population and employment data. and municipal governments. Government budget
Previously most people were employed in the state statistics is one of the weakest area of statistics in many
sector, but now a variety of new private and semi transitional economies, and again international
private or "mixed" forms of ownership have emerged. organizations data might differ from national ones
Because the existence of open, registered because the former are compiled using additional data
unemployment has only recently been officially sources.
acknowledged in the former Soviet Union, no system
for measuring unemployment based on a nationally Section five reports agricultural production
representative sample survey is yet in place. statistics, including summary data on the two major
Unemployment is usually measured based on registers subsectors of agriculture - crops and animal husbandry.
from the unemployment bureaus at which those out of As more and more agricultural activity has shifted
work and looking for work register in most states. This from the large state and collective fanns into private
is an example of an interim statistical measure - one hands, measuring agricultural production has become
between having no statistics and having statistics increasingly difficult. Furthermore, the constant price
consistent with a market economy and international data in most countries are still calculated at obsolete
practice. 1983 "all-Union average" prices which distort
substantially recent developments in agricultural
Section two contains a set of macroeconomic production.
indicators. For the first time it presents only one set of
national accounts - gross domestic product (GDP) The same holds true for the data on industrial
calculated according to the System of National production presented in section six. This section also
2
gives data on the production and uses of major energy Ile fmal section conwm data on household
products. budgets showing the changes m mcome and
expendifim that people am experiencing during the
Section seven conwm tables on prices, economic transformation. These data again should be
exchange mtes, and wages. Producer and consumer treated with reservation due to biased samples m
price indices compilation methodology and techniques household surveys and probable underreporting of
have only recently been inhwuced in the states of the income by the respondents.
former Soviet Union. Previously, inflation was
measured based on the hst pnces that were a&uped to
products disguising the true inflation in the economy.
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Comparative Tables
1. Population, labor force and employment
2. National accounts
3. Foreip trade: geographical distribution
4. Govemment finance
5. Industry and agriculture
CpimHume.abHbie ma6.autlzpi
1 Ha=eHme, TpyaoBlme Pecypcm -M
2. HaimoH e cie-ra
3. BHeunm Toprowm: reorpu4H4ecKoe pacnpeaejieHHe
4. rocygapcm@e @KHAHCLI
5. CmTKcTHKa npo eimoctu H Koro xo3Aftcm
Comparative tables CpaBHHTeJILHLIe Ta6iiHiALi
Table 1. Population, labor force, and employment (percent unless otherwise noted)
Ta6JIHIXa 1. HaceiieHHe, TPYAOBbie pecypcia , H 3aH5[TOCT]6 (B IIPOIIeHTax, ECJIH gpyroe He yKa3aHo)
r:
Po"tion HamneEtite
Tow 1995( 3,766 7,444 10,2gr7 1,484 5,411 16,607 4,451 2,502 3,715 4,339 147,609 5,757 4,478 51,728 22,467 H@c - B=ro, 1995 (@Rq)
Avcmgc mmual growth @, 1990-95 1.0 0.9 0.2 -1.1 -0.0 -0.0 0.5 -1.3 -0.0 -0.1 -0.1 1.9 4.1 -0.0 2.1 C@mAmbc @
1990-95
1995 51.6 50.8 53.3 53.4 52A* 51A 50.7 53.7 52.8 52.2 53.0* 50.2* 50A 53.5 504 )K@, 1995
ueom i995 67.3 52.9 68.6 69.9 55.6* 55.8 35.0 69.0 67.9 46.1 72.9 28.6* 44.5 67.9 38.6 roWAcxoe, 1995
Age 1M Bo3 crp
IM
Bciow @ ap 30' 1 35.1 23.6 21.9 25.6 32.1 39.9 20.3 23.2 28.3 22.9* 46.0* 21.8 43.0 Momxc -rpyaoc
ro Bo
w@ ox 55.6 53.9 55.6 57.1 55.6 55.6 50.3 57.0 56.8 55.8 56.8* 46.7* 50.2 55.5 49.3 Jlmm B -xpyaocn m
Abovc @ age 14.3 11.0 20.9 21.0 18.8 12.3 9.8 22.6 20.0 15.8 43.2* 7.3* 22.8 7.7 C@ T"Aoc
of employment, 1"5 CMYKTYPS UG
IM
33.9 31.3 19.8 29.8 22.0 42.0 18.0 23.7 45.6* 15A* 54.5* 44.2 22.5 45.8 C@Koe xo3ARcm
30.8 19.6 34.5 20.5 22.2 19.3 25.1 28.2 19.2* 37.0* 16.8* 19.2 30.5 18.4 flpc,@HHoc-m
35.4 49.1 45.8 49.7 55.8 38.7 56.9 48.1 35.2* 47.6* 83.2* 36.6 47.0 35.8 y@
Labor as dlare TpyAoBue pecypcm n upoixeum
of the popula@ 1"5 54.9 57.0 57.4 56.1 55.1 51.4 56.0 45.1 57.6* 48.3* 58.1 49@9 x @@ 1995
* 1994
Comparative tables CpaBHHTeji]6HLIe
Ta6iiHixLi
Table 2. National accounts and gross domestic product (percent)
TaC)jimixa 2. RaixHoHaiii6Hme cxieta H BajiOBLlik BHYTpeHHHfl IIPOAYKT (B npolxeHTax)
0 9L
@bution of current GDP, 1995 Pgcnpeg@enHe BBII B
-mKyMnx ite@ 1995
by of origin no oTpacitwA
npoHcxowgeHHa
Agricu@ 43.5 26,8 12.0 6.7 45.6 12.2 40.4 8.5 9.5 9.2 21.7 34.9 13.6 28.5 C@Koe xo3@cTw
Industry 35.8 24.4 31.2 24.8 20.9 29.5 22.1 .. 30.8 35.8 43.2 39.6 43.7 24.2 [IpombiuuieHH@
Other 20.8 49.4 51.9 56.5 31.9 49.6 59.7 53.7 38@4 -Y@
by expenditure category UO Ka'Mr'OPHJIM
HCnOJII63OBaKKA
Consu@n 105.8 89.9 79.6 114.1 75.9 89.9 80.1 83.6 75.2 64.6 69.8 74.6 KoHcqHoe n@ncHHe
@ do@c invemmnt 23.5 19.7 25.2 1.1 23.7 15.7 21.9 19.2 29.8 28.1 34.3 29.6 BamBue BHyfpeHHHe
H
Resource b@ -33.8 -11.4 -4.7 -15.3 -2.3 -5.7 -2.1 -2.8 -5.0 5.5 -4.0 -4.2 C@ pecypcor
GDP, growth rates Temum pocm BBII
1991 -11.7 -0.7 -1.2 -11.0 -8.2 -8.1 -10.4 -5.0 -0.5 1991
1992 -41.8 -22.6 -9.6 -3.6 -15.8 -34.9 -14.5 -11.1 1992
1993 -8.6 -23.1 -10.6 -9.5 -9.6 -16.3 -14.9 -30.4 -8.7 -2.3 1993
1994 5.5 -19.7 -12.6 -2.7 -18.0 -20.1 0.6 1.0 -12.6 -4.2 1994
1995 -17.2 -10.1 2.9 -4.4 -6.3 -1.6 2.6 4.3 -1.3 1995
GDP, growth rates by of origin
AgriculWn Ceiiii6cKoe X03MACTM
1991 -2.3 -3.2 -6.5 -22.6 -14.3 -2.0 -3.7 t991
1992 -8.6 -14.4 . . 28.7 -5.0 -29.0 -9.0 1992
1993 -5.8 -16.3 -10.4 -13.8 -6.9 -8.6 -19.4 -6.8 -4.0 1.5 1993
1994 3.1 -12.8 -14.9 -10.7 -21.2 -8.6 -15.6 -5.5 -9.0 42.4 -3.4 1994
1995 -5.0 -7.4 -1.8 -24.7 -1.9 -2.1 18.1 -5.9 2.5 2.3 1995
Ind@y IIPDM@CHH@
1991 -11.6 0.8 -6.0 -0.5 0.0 -7.0 1991
1992 -0.9 -5.5 . . -24.2 -26.4 -21.0 1992
1993 4.2 -25.1 -11.7 -21.9 -14.9 -25.2 -41.1 -13.6 -5.3 t993
1994 14.3 -27.1 -20.3 -3.6 -25.0 -37.3 -7.3 -20.0 -29.7 -11.0 1994
1995 -34.6 -13@8 2.7 -16.2 -8.4 6.1 -5.3 -8.9 -4.0 1995
Other YcnyrH
1991 -10.9 -4.0 -19.0 -0.5 -7.5 -11.8 -2.0 1991
1992 -11.1 -13.7 . . -6.3 -9.3 -15.1 -7.0 1992
1993 -31.5 -13.7 -8.4 1.9 -1.3 -46.3 6.6 -24.2 -3.6 -0.9 1993
1994 13.0 -9.8 0.0 -1.3 -10.1 -17.1 8.7 8.6 -3.1 -53.7 1.3 1994
1995 -18.5 -6.5 3.8 -0.9 -2.5 -3.7 1995
Growth of Implicit GDP deflators Temnu
Aefb@poo BBIT
1991 79.4 83.2 103.5 158.0 103.6 135.4 156.2 156.2 128.6 90.7 1991
1992 569.4 1,066.5 1,077.5 1,333.7 851.3 976.0 976.0 1490.0 711.1 1992
1993 1,399.5 747.6 1,097.1 83.2 1270.7 763.1 71.5 71.5 888.1 1075.4 1993
1994 4,070.6 1,326.9 1,966.7 40.2 1649.4 190.9 38.3 38.3 307.5 1229.3 1994
1995 608.8 646.3 34.0 148,8 38,5 17,4 17.4 183.8 366.0 1995
GDP (fistribution is shown for 1994.
Comparative tables CpaBHHTeji]6HxAe TA(D-JIHIRLI
Table 3. Foreign trade: geographical distribution (percent)
Ta6jiHi:xa 3. BHeumnA Toproianx: reorpaq)HqeCKoe paciipegeii[eHHe (B npolleHTax)
Intra-M exports,1995 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3Kcnoprr B CHF, 1995
Armcnin 0.1 0.0 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.9 .. 14.3 0.1 0.0 ApmemA
0.2 0.4 13.1 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.4 5.4 0.6 0.3
Belam 0.5 1.2 .. 10.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 11.4 254 5.7 20.6 0.9 0.2 7.1 2.5 15
1.6 19.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.3 5.7 0.2 0.1 rmm
0.1 7.7 2.6 2.0 1.9 .. 24.8 3.1 3.0 1.8 17.0 2.8 13.7 0.9 18.6 Kzmcmm
Kyrgyz R@blic 0.0 04 0.2 0.1 0.5 2.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.1 5.3 @ Pec@a
Moklova 0.0 1.4 2.4 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.9 1.2 2.9 0.3 2.2 0.2 M@
R=k 52.9 45.4 71.3 70.2 48.6 79.9 38.9 66.2 48.2 77.1 37.9 7.2 83.6 45.6 PbccEm
Tai@ 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.6 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.3 . . 0.6 0.1 12.2 T@KiicnH
41.0 6.1 0.1 0.1 7.1 1.9 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.9 . . 3.7 11.7 T cm
0.2 15.3 20.7 15.0 5.9 4.6 3.1 14.3 t7.7 12.6 49.1 3.7 49.5 3.5 Y@a
u 1.8 2.0 1.1 0.6 6.1 26.0 2.7 2.3 0.6 5.8 52.5 2.3 1.5 .. Y3&@
hnpwts,L"s 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 H3 CHF, IM
Armcnin 0.0 7.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 8.4 0.0 0.0 ApmCHBA
A=baijan 0.1 0.1 28.1 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.0 9.8 0.5 0.1
BCIWUS 0.6 2.1 3.3 0.6 3.1 1.4 11.2 9.2 8.9 15.4 0.1 0.8 4.0 4.0
18.5 8.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.0 0.1 0.0 rpy=A
0.0 7.7 1.5 1.0 0.1 .. 31.8 1.6 1.1 0.4 20.2 5.6 4.2 0.8 17.3
Kyrgyz Rcpublic 0.0 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.7 Km Poc
moidova 0.0 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.7 4.7 0.4 0.6 0.2
Russia 40.5 38.7 80.6 85.6 32.0 71.1 32A 76.9 78.9 48.9 28.5 12.9 81.6 57.2 PoccHx
T@ 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.5 1.4 0.2 0'3 1.2 0.3 0.1 5.8 T@cm
.. 22.5 0.0 0.6 26.8 9.2 5.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 12.0 11.7 7.8 T
Ukraine 0.0 14.7 15.5 5.6 4.6 3.3 1 A 8.2 7.7 40.2 48.9 0.5 55.9 4.9 Y@a
Uzbcidstan 3.4 1.0 2.3 0.4 10.3 25.1 0.5 1.7 04 6.6 52.6 3.8 0.6 .. y@@
Extm-M ex@1"5 loo.o loo.0 loo.o loo.o loo.o loo.o loo.o loo.o loo.o loo.o looo loo.o too.o loo.o loo.o 3KcnopT 3a upeaenbi CHr, 1M
cou@ 52.0 34.6 38.5 79.3 24.8 57.8 33.4 77.7 70.1 36.6 58.8 82.9 67.2 44.7 35.6 @@
04 2.9 43.3 18.5 10.2 11.5 6.7 19.8 25.5 554 17.8 11.3 2.8 18.5 4.9 &R Espona
47.6 9.1 18.2 2.2 65.0 30.7 59.9 2.5 4.4 8.0 234 5.8 29.2 36.7 59.4
hnporb,1"5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 HmnopT H3-3a upeAerioB CHr,1"5
coun@ 62.0 23.3 59.5 89.0 35.6 57.3 45.8 76.8 75.3 50.9 67.2 90.2 52.0 65.8 38.3 @@
4.5 7.5 31.3 6.9 24.9 10.2 6.0 20.1 21.9 43.2 16.0 3.8 3.6 19.6 14.4 ax EBpona
Other cmu@ 33.6 33.4 9.2 4.1 39.4 32.5 48.3 3.0 2.8 5.9 16.8 6.0 ".4 14.5 474 c
Comparative tables CpaBHuTeiii6mme Ta6iiniXLi
Table 4. Govemment fluance *rcent)
Ta@a 4. rocyAapcTBemme 4)mumcm (is Mmixe
Current by mm Awm im@
no
Tax@
1991 96.5 742 98.6 71.2 8&1 973 93.6 86.4 74.6 39.3 1991
lm 99A 70.2 96.7 85.9 81.9 94.4 95.9 94.7 97A 77.7 53.9 1992
1993 56.2 67.2 .. 76.1 71.5 643 95.1 97.5 85.2 82.3 75.5 1993
1"4 68.7 46.9 96.9 93.9 43.7 93A 93.2 95.6 94.1 96.8 1994
1995 91.8 93.9 98.8 96.1 98.3 99.i 1995
Non tax xwm
1991 3.5 9.9 IIA 2&9 119 12-5 6.4 13.6 25A '61.7 1991
1992 1.6 6.4 33 14.1 18.1 5.6 4.1 5.3 2.6 22.3 46.2 1992
1993 43.8 3.2 .. 23.9 285 35.7 4.9 12.5 14.8 17.7 24.5 1993
1994 313 0.6 3.1 6.1 56.3 6.6 6.9 4.4 15.9 3.2 1994
1995 9.2 6.1 11.2 3.9 1.7 1.9 1995
Totd =a
K
ofGDIP, 19" 21.8 22.5 32.9 28.7 4.9 23.7 293 41.9 27.9 31.1 54.5 28.3 BBIL L"S*
193 22,5 26,4 27.0 3.8 27A 40.0 23.7 27.7 38.7 23.5 T
CR" Z6 6.4 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.9 4.2 3.4 15.9 4.7
ddkk (-) HPeamnA HOA
@Ae4L(-)
a a orGDP B K BBIT
1991 1.6 3.0 6.0 -7.7 3.9 4.7 2.6 0.0 7.7 3.5 1991
1992 -16.1 1.5 -2.4 7 8 -7A -18.1 -2.8 257.2 -4.7 -29.2 -10.1 1992
1993 -11.9 -7.1 3.7 3.0 -15.6 -0.6 0.9 -6.2 -23A -4A 1993
1994 -&I -10.7 -3.5 2.5 -52 -4.2 -1.8 -4.9 -5.5 -3.6 1994
1995 .. -5.3 -2.8 2.7 -12.2 -3A -10 -4.9 -0.8 1995
Anocnis md Tud@ - 1994. Gm& aDd -1993.
n T - 1994. rpy3itx a -1993.
Comparative tables CpaBHHTeiii6ni6ie TarDJIHIXLI
Table S. Industry and agriculture (percent unless otherwise noted)
Ta6mxxa S. CTaTHcmKa upomLxmjieHuocTH H cejiLcKoro xo3xikcma (n iipoileHTax, ECJIH Apyroe He yKa3aHO)
Growth of Temnm pom n
prod@ upo cr5a
1991 -7.7 4.9 -1.0 -22.6 -0.9 -0.3 -0.6 -11.1 -8.0 -3.6 4.8 -4.8 1.5 1991
1992 -48.2 -23.7 -9.4 -45.8 -13.8 -26.1 -34.5 -29.5 -18.0 -24.3 -14.9 -6.4 -6.7 1992
1993 -10.7 -7.0 -10.0 -36.7 -14.8 2.4 -32.1 0.3 -14.1 -7.8 5A -8.0 3.6 1993
1994 5.0 -22.7 -17,1 -39.1 -28.1 -4.3 -9.9 -30.2 -20.9 -25A -25.0 -27.3 1.6 1994
1995 -17.2 -11.9 -9.8 -10.4 -20.5 -3.7 -2.4 -5.1 -7.0 -12.0 0.2 1995
Sbwesof production Awm n
by @, 1M no 199S
P-@ indugry 16.7 65A 18.1 18.1 37.7 39.5 21.0 29.0 20.7 55.3 24.2 28.5 To@3H ma Ko@Kc
8.9 1.1 2.5 13.5 26.7 10.4 15.8 37.8 0.1 23.4 11.5 M
and 4.2 5.4 14.3 8.0 6.6 3.9 0.2 0.5 8.1 5.0 2.9 7A 5.5 H
Ed MCWW@ 12.6 3.6 23.3 8.9 5.9 7.6 9.7 9.2 18.2 3.8 1.5 16.1 8.9 R
wood pulp aW pVm 0.4 0.2 5.3 7.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 4.1 5.2 0.1 0.3 2.2 1.1 110CMA H @-6
3A 1.5 5.1 3.8 2.2 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.9 1.3 3.7 3.9 6.6 npobc
4.0 9.5 8.0 10.6 3.1 2.4 17.7 5.4 2.5 16,9 16,2 2.8 19,9 Jle@ MO
22.8 10.0 17.0 28.2 17.7 10.4 20.9 5Z8 12.2 6.7 6.0 17.1 9.3 MD@@
A yidd of @ cmK 1M CPEAHM YPOW8 OCMMMU
(kg per hectare) CCRLYAM KYALTYP (Kr/ra), IM
(cl=nwci&) 1,460 1,450 2,040 1,688 500 1,810 1,690 1,850 2,988 1,160 870 1,680 2,430 1,920 @ (B B= mcne
190 300 460 310 1,360 1,267 910 890 Ce@ Kyjlbryp
- raw 2,030 2,240 0 .. 1,870 2,300 2,640 XJ]DflOK - ChWff
su@ 5,480 21@ 30,]9r7 14,900 9,790 IZ310 26,400 28,410 20,796 17,600 20,470 10,740 CmWaAcBeum
13,120 9,750 13,100 14,559 IZ900 8,350 9,900 13,500 12,800 6,800 11,700 10,800 3,420 9,623
Fmit .. 3,120 3,330 3,882 .. 1,430 2,110 .. 3,590 4,345 IDPY-
Vogdabks 20,820 15,710 13,300 10,557 17,500 10,060 10,300 1,220 13,970 7,500 14,200 15-W 15,870 IZO18 17,600 OBoum
Armenia / ApmeHH51
1996 Population /'LlHcneHHOCTb HaceneHHA B 1996 Foay
(thousands / TBIC. qeriOBeK): 3,766
Area / TeppHTOPHA
(thousand square kilometers / T161C. KB. KM.): 29.8
Capital city CTOJ-IHua:
Yerevan EpeBaH
15
TABLE 1-1. Population and employment (thousands) ARMENIA
TABJIH" 1-1. HaceiieHHe H:3aHATOCT]6 (TLICAQ)
Population or employment category 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 HaceiieHHeHJIHrpyniii6i 3aHATi6ix
Total population 3,575 3,649 3,722 3,740 3,753 3,766 HaceneHHe - Bcero
Males 1,734 1,769 1,802 1,811 1,818 1,823 MYX-MHIL
Females 1,841 1,880 1,920 1,929 1,935 1,943 )KeHIUHHbl
Urban population 2,485 2,516 2,536 2,533 2,533 2,535 rOPOaCKOC
Rural population 1,090 1,133 1,186 1,207 1,220 1,231 Ce@Koe
Population under working age 1,152 1,168 1,180 1,172 1,177 1,132 Morioxe TPY.QOCnOC06HOrO Bo3pacm
Working-age population 1,975 2,010 2,044 2,056 2,063 2,095 JIHUA B Tpyaocnoco6Hom Bo3pacTe
Population over working age 448 471 498 512 513 539 CTapine TpyaocnocO6HOF0 B03paC@
Economically Active Population, 3KoiHomHqeCKH a@BHoeHRCCnCHHC
in non-working age 86 85 83 83 81 81 B HeTpyqocnoco6HOM B03pacTr
Above working age 84 84 82 82 80 80 C-mpiue Tpyaocnoco6Horo Bo3pac'm
Below working age 3 2 1 1 1 1 Monoxe Tpyaocnoco6HorO BOVWTA
Total labor resources 2,031 2,039 2,086 2,002 1,984 2,067 TpyAosEie pecypcbk - Bcero
Total employment 1,630 1,671 1,578 1,543 1,488 1,455 3aH@ naceileHHe-Bcer-o
State sector employees 1,330 1,138 973 871 794 749 rocyaapcTWHHLiff ceKTop
Leased enterprise employees 13 3 Ape@bie npemTpH@A
Joint-stock company employees 6 4 2 AKUMOHCPHbie o6inecTBa
Economic association employees 4 X03AikcTBeHHiie aCCOUHaIIHH
Social organization employees 14 31 9 7 7 06IUeCIWHHblt opraHH3aUHH
Joint venture employees I 1 6 6 CoBmecTHiae npeAITPH@.q
Collective farm workers 54 12 1 1 Konxo3m
Cooperative workers 127 153 145 132 154 KoonepaTHBbi
Individual labor activities 6 10 7 9 19 14Ta
Private subsidiary agricultural workers 114 60 59 50 25 JlHqHbie nOAC06HLie xo3AAcTsa
Private agricultural workers 262 354 410 462 OepmepcKHe xo3AAcTBa
Students 158 144 144 130 122 144 YqaLuHeCA
Religious workers 0 0 0 CjiywaigHe penHrHo3HoroKyjibTa
Working age population not employed JIHua 8 TpyAocnocO6HOM B03pacTe,
in the national economy 243 224 364 329 374 468 He 3aHirrLie B 3KOHOMHKt
Housewives QOMOX03ARKH
Military personnel BoeHHocriyxaWHe
Unemployed 2@ 8'7' 10'6' 106 Be3pa6oTHLie
Labor force 1,607 1,630 1,593 1,562 Pa6oman chna
TABLE 1-2. Employment by sector (thousands) ARMENIA
TABJIHIAA 1-2. lqmcjieHHocTi6 3a@oro naceiieHH5i no ceKTopam (-ri6tc-qq)
Sector 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 CEKTOP
Material sphere 1,156 1,208 1,165 1,133 1,077 1,057 C(Depa maTepmaji]6HOrO npOH380ACTBa
Agriculture and forestry 289 389 487 522 504 493 Ceji]6CKoe H J]eCHOe X03.qACTBO
Agriculture 284 385 484 520 502 492 CCrtbCKoe xo3.qficTBo
Forestry 5 4 3 3 2 1 Ile-CHoe xo:3xficTBo
Industr